Sodium Nitrate is in the form of an odorless white granule. It is highly soluble in water and has strong hygroscopic and oxidizing properties. Sodium Nitrate is a preservative in food, which is converted to nitrite and in this form inhibits bacterial growth. Sodium Nitrate in its molten form, as well as its solutions mixed with potassium nitrate, has excellent thermal stability and high heat capacity, which makes it a valuable ingredient in explosive materials.

Sodium Nitrate is mainly used in fertilizers as it is a water-soluble source of nitrogen for NPK fertilizers. Nitrogen stimulates plant growth and contributes to the development of strong leaves, stems and roots. In addition, it does not alter the pH of the soil. Thanks to its thermal stability, Sodium Nitrate is also widely used in explosives.

In food processing, Sodium Nitrate as E251 is commonly used as a preservative and color fixative in the meat production. Curing meat products with Sodium Nitrate prevents the growth of Clostridium botulinum, which is a type of bacteria that causes botulism. Additionally, during cheese-making, it is added to ripening cheeses to inhibit the growth of microorganisms like Clostridium tyrobutycurum.

Adhesives, sealants and solvents are also based on Sodium Nitrate, because it reduces their viscosity and increases solids. It is also used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes as rust inhibitor.

The shelf life of Sodium Nitrate is approximately two years.